Purpose: The objective was to assess prevalence of Refractive errors (RE) in children and correlation with ocular biometrics in rural population of central India. Material and Methods: We examined 4295 children (below 18 years) of 3 rural schools in central India. A detailed history and ocular examination (Snellens visual acuity, wet retinoscopy, slit lamp and fundus examination) were done on 492 children with subnormal vision. The axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and keratometry (K) were measured using an IOL MASTER (CARL ZEISS Meditec AG 07740 Jena, Germany). Result: We found 492 children/875 eyes (492/4295; 11.45%) with RE. They had a mean age of 11.6 ± 4.39 years (5–18yrs), with 48.57% males and almost two third (60.1%) were between 13–18 years of age. Myopia (68.91%) was most common RE followed by hypermetropia (14.86%) and astigmatism (16.23%). Mean spherical equivalent (SE) of study subjects was –1.71D (±4.68), mean AL was 23.35(±1.85) mm, mean ACD was 3.13(±0.57) mm and mean K values– 43.47(±2.05) D (horizontal) and 43.87(±2.15) D (vertical). AL & ACD showed strong negative correlation with RE in both myopia and hypermetropia(r=–0.697, –0.396 and –0.192, –0.510 respectively; p =<0.001). Conclusion: The burden of RE is high in rural Indian children with no gender predilection. Myopia is most common childhood RE, and its incidence increases with age. The AL and ACD determine the SE, while corneal curvature does not. AL is predominant biometry measure determining SE. The role of K in determining SE is least for overall SE, myopia and hypermetropia.