OBJECTIVES: A study of the analysis of cases where caesarean section was done for the first time in parous women who had previous vaginal delivery of a viable neonate. The objective of study the cesarean section in context of various indications, age incidence and to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome. Methods:An observational study of primary caesarean sections performed in multiparous patients at Paota District Hospital at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology under Dr. S. N. Medical College Jodhpur. Detailed history and thorough examination of patient was done. Labour was monitored throughout and indication of cesarean section noted. Intra–operative details and feto–maternal outcome were noted. Results: Amongst the various indications for caesarean section in multipara, fetal distress (21.05%) and malpresentations (14.47%) were with the highest incidence. Conclusion: Previous vaginal delivery gives the patient as well as her relatives a false sense of security. There are many cases where a caesarean becomes mandatory for her. The fact that a multipara has had one or more vaginal deliveries should be regarded as an optimistic historical fact, not as diagnostic–criteria for spontaneous delivery of the pregnancy at hand. A parous woman needs good obstetric care to improve maternal and neonatal outcome and still keeping caesarean section to a lower rate.