Screening of etiopathogenesis of Respiratory Distress in Newborn in a Tertiary Medical College Of Western U.P

Dr. Karam Chand; Dr. Yogesh Goel; Dr. Manish Agrawal; Dr Viveksinha

Volume : IX, Issue : VII, July - 2019

Screening of etiopathogenesis of Respiratory Distress in Newborn in a Tertiary Medical College Of Western U.P

Dr. Karam Chand, Dr. Yogesh Goel, Dr. Manish Agrawal, Dr Viveksinha

Abstract :

Background: Respiratory distress is one of the most common cause for newborn admission in ICU, seen in around 7.3%–12% of newborns. Certain risk factors like prematurity, cesarean section delivery, meconium–stained amniotic ﬂuid (MSAF), maternal chorioamnionitis, gestational diabetes, and oligohydramnios or congenital lung anomalies increase the likelihood of neonatal respiratory distress. Aims and Objective of the study: (I) To identify and diagnose the common etiological causes of respiratory distress in newborn. (II) To differentiate pulmonary causes, cardiovascular causes and other systemic causes of respiratory distress in newborn. (III) To identify the risks associated with respiratory distress in preterm and term newborns. Material and Methods: All newborns (inborn /out born) admitted in NICU of the Department of Pediatrics, Saraswathi medical college, Hapur who developed respiratory distress with in 72hrs of birth were studied. Newborns with birth weight less than 1000gm, gestational age <28wks and those with congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. Sample size was decided on the basis of prevalence of neonatal respiratory distress in our area. It was conducted for a period of 1year from 1st August 2017 to 31st July 2018. Results: The present study was prospective in nature where clinical spectrum of respiratory distress in neonates was studied. This study was conducted on 110 newborns who developed respiratory distress within 72hrs of birth, 10 of them were excluded from study due to extreme prematurity, congenital anomalies and ELBW, Out of 100 newborns 68 were males and 32 were females. Male to female ratio was 2.12:1. Out of 100 Neonates with respiratory distress, 55 had low birth weight and remaining 45 neonates had normal birth weight. In the overall study 94 were survived and 6 were expired. Four deaths were due to RDS, 1 due to HIE and 1 due to sepsis with pneumonia. Most of the deaths were due to RDS (66.6%). Conclusion: Transient tachypnea of newborn was the main cause of respiratory distress followed by RDS. The commonest cause of death was RDS. Prematurity & Caesarean section were the most common predisposing factors associated with the development of respiratory distress in neonates. In most of the cases X–ray findings correlated with the clinical picture. ABG findings were normal in most of the cases. The main cause for ventilatory requirement was RDS. The outcome of neonatal respiratory distress was found as a survival rate of 94%, mortality rate of 6%