Evaluating Musculoskeletal Complications Among Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus

Dr. Simran Maheshwari; Dr. Subhan Quraishi; Dr. Babita Ghodke

Volume : II, Issue : XII, December - 2013

Evaluating Musculoskeletal Complications Among Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus

Dr. Simran Maheshwari, Dr. Subhan Quraishi, Dr. Babita Ghodke

Abstract :

A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement characterized by substandard housing and squalor.http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum – cite_note–whyslums–1 While slums differ in size and other characteristics from country to country, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable electricity, timely law enforcement and other basic services. Slum residences vary from shanty to poorly built, deteriorated buildings.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum – cite_note–UN–HABITAT_2007_Press_Release–2 Slums were common in 19th and early 20th century urban history of the United States and Europe In the 21st century, slums are predominantly found in urban regions of developing and undeveloped parts of the world, but also found in developed economies. According to UN–HABITAT, around 33% of the urban population in the developing world in 2012, or about 863 million people, lived in slums The proportion of urban population living in slums was highest in Sub–Saharan Africa (61.7%), followed by South Asia (35%), Southeast Asia (31%), East Asia (28.2%), West Asia (24.6%), Oceania (24.1%), Latin America and the Caribbean (23.5%), and North Africa (13.3%). Slums form and grow in different parts of the world, for many different reasons. Some causes include rapid rural–to–urban migration, economic stagnation and depression, high unemployment, poverty, informal economy, poor planning, politics, natural disasters and social conflicts. Strategies tried to reduce and transform slums in different countries, with varying degrees of success, include a combination of slum removal, slum relocation, slum upgrading, urban planning with city wide infrastructure development, and public housing projects.