A STUDY OF CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

Dr. Praharsh Pathak; Dr. Abhishek Mistry; Dr. Abhijit Basu

Volume : IX, Issue : II, February - 2020

A STUDY OF CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

Dr. Praharsh Pathak, Dr. Abhishek Mistry, Dr. Abhijit Basu

Abstract :

Objectives: To study the clinical and biochemical profile of patients of diabetic ketoacidosis admitted. To compare various parameters of clinical and biochemical profile before and after treatment. Methods: 30 adult patients with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted in medicine department of Geetanjali medical college and hospital, meeting the inclusion criteria, over a period of 1 years (Jan 2018 to Dec 2018). Patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria of DKA and inclusion criteria were enrolled. Diagnostic criteria are plasma glucose >250 mg/dl, blood pH <7.30, serum bicarbonate <15 mEq/l, urine ketones positive. Results: 24 patients had type 2 diabetes (80%) and 6 (20%) patients had type 1 diabetes. Average age at the time of presentation was 44.20 � 13.17 years. The commonest precipitating factor was infection (83.33%) followed by irregular or no treatment (40%) and other factors (16.67%). The most common clinical features at the time of presentation were eathlessness, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, dehydration and acidotic eathing. The mean values for RBS, pH, HCO3 were 449.45 � 71.45, 7.19 � 0.10, and 10.42 � 3.48 respectively at the time of presentation. There was no significant difference in clinical and biochemical profile of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Mortality rate was 3.33%. Conclusion: Most common clinical features at the time of presentation are eathlessness, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, dehydration and acidotic eathing. There is no significant difference in the clinical and biochemical profile of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Mortality rate in diabetic ketoacidosis is 3.33% and the most notable predictors of poor prognosis are; severity of altered sensorium, severity of comorbid condition, severe dehydration, severe acidosis.